Korupcijos kategorijų analizė

Abstract

This article attempts to qualify categories of modern corruption in all areas of public life. The author of this article aims at classifying the categories of corruption on the basis of decisions made by corrupt individuals with regard to state management, public administration and private sector. It is important to look at corruption through the eyes of the corrupt individual who is authorized to make certain decision and of the individual who is interested in gaining certain benefit while they carry out their corrupt interchange. On the basis of this approach six categories of corrupt relationship are defined. Three of them are called extra-categories- this is corruption that manifests itself only among public servants, politicians and entrepreneurs. Often these corruption categories are undermined with regard to the others as they very rarely manifest themselves and facts come to light also very rarely, however, from the scientific point of view they are no less important than others.
Many explanatory models of corruption may easily be fitted in this qualification system with participation of corruption subjects (administrative decision-making process) in unlawful corrupt interchange as a starting point. The list of decision-making processes bearing features of corrupt practices is inexhaustible, however, all categories obviously lack introduction of and compliance with principles of integrity, accountability and openness in public and private sectors. The national legislation (e.g., codes of conduct) should provide for these humanistic principles. Furthermore, the public should be constantly updated on the latest processes with particular stress on these values:
Accountability:
All activities should be subject to public screening.
Integrity:
Total integrity and honesty is absolutely necessary to deal with various representatives of the society.
Openness:
Activities of an agency should be transparent and open enough to ensure trust between the agency and persons dealing with it.
Realization of the above mentioned principles of corruption prevention, including prevention of nepotism and clientelism, would allow for the elimination of conditions for corruption manifestations in various categories. The planned outcome of such undertakings corresponds to the people’s expectations as to an ideal Lithuanian open society.
The drafting, approving and abiding by the effective codes of ethics for public servants and state politicians and codes of ethics for businessmen should become one of the priority tasks of the fights against corruption and corruption prevention.