Electronic Monitoring in Penal System: International and National Context
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Abstract
Current correctional crowding problems force penal law researchers to rethink sentencing and correctional policies focusing on the form and content of community supervision. Surveillance-oriented community correction programs are emerged as a response to both the demand for alternatives to crowded institutions and the need for more control over offenders who are supervised in community settings. Limited jail and prison resources prompts judges to place an increasing proportion of offenders on traditional community supervision, which is ill-equipped to handle them. In response to this problem it is recommended that the spectrum of criminal sanctions be widened to accommodate intermediate sentences, such as an electronic monitoring.
This article provides an overview of offender supervision with electronic technology system including a discussion of some of the terms and concepts. Also some issues of the efficiency of offender supervision in the community with electronic monitoring have been explored. A brief description of the evolution of electronic monitoring was provided and several examples of programs with electronic supervision were highlighted. Also the article examines legal, theoretical and practical possibilities of incorporation electronic monitoring to the national legal system as a kind of new criminal punishment or as new method of pretrial, probation and parole supervision in Lithuania. The number of specific evaluation questions must be answered in order to construct the final conclusion about this issue: do the electronic monitoring provide true diversion from prison, or do they simply widen net of social control; is the electronic monitoring cost really effective, compared with traditional prison and probation strategies, what impact do the electronic monitoring have on offender rehabilitation; is there any evidence that electronic monitoring reduces recidivism and etc.
Intensive supervision with electronic technology is generally viewed as an option to relieve prison overcrowding, alleviate the financial burdens of incarceration, and avoid the deleterious effects of imprisonment. It is also touted as a more cost-effective, punitive, and safe alternative for high risk probationers, and it is considered quite compatible with broad changes in correctional policies that emphasize community protection over offender rehabilitation.
This article provides an overview of offender supervision with electronic technology system including a discussion of some of the terms and concepts. Also some issues of the efficiency of offender supervision in the community with electronic monitoring have been explored. A brief description of the evolution of electronic monitoring was provided and several examples of programs with electronic supervision were highlighted. Also the article examines legal, theoretical and practical possibilities of incorporation electronic monitoring to the national legal system as a kind of new criminal punishment or as new method of pretrial, probation and parole supervision in Lithuania. The number of specific evaluation questions must be answered in order to construct the final conclusion about this issue: do the electronic monitoring provide true diversion from prison, or do they simply widen net of social control; is the electronic monitoring cost really effective, compared with traditional prison and probation strategies, what impact do the electronic monitoring have on offender rehabilitation; is there any evidence that electronic monitoring reduces recidivism and etc.
Intensive supervision with electronic technology is generally viewed as an option to relieve prison overcrowding, alleviate the financial burdens of incarceration, and avoid the deleterious effects of imprisonment. It is also touted as a more cost-effective, punitive, and safe alternative for high risk probationers, and it is considered quite compatible with broad changes in correctional policies that emphasize community protection over offender rehabilitation.
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Authors retain copyright of their work, with first publication rights granted to the Association for Learning Technology.
Please see Copyright and Licence Agreement for further details.
