Etikos kodeksų veiksmingumas ir statutinės tarnybos reputacija

Abstract

Dealing with administration of separate officer’s and whole institution or service, the role of profession and service ethics codes has increased during the last three decades.
The general tendency of ethics evolution marks an upheaval from individual ethics to social objective ethics. Growing responsibilities of an office or its subdivision’s qualified and ethic activity strongly influences an organization and its leaders. The objective foundation of a new standpoint is international conventions on issues of human rights and freedoms and these services obligation implementation. Defining civil society, orientation is set on common personal and service’s interests; the aim is to equalize to institutions of the state and civilized community the meaning of dealing with public relation administration problems. Creating efficient infrastructure of objective service ethics encourages this rapprochement of the interests.
The general segment of ethics infrastructure is the code of service deontology. Internal and external factors that make great influence upon efficiency of the code should be estimated. The countries with a long sequential history of development, analysis of institutions activity experience forewarned supply the information to codex’s executors about possible mistakes. One of the most important presumptions of effective code implementation – all ethic infrastructures must be modeling at a stretch, intended to a concrete social derivative. An adequate modeling of institutionalizing „tools“ complex proceeds considering the most important social derivative attributes:
- Definition of a mission of institution or mission;
- The conception of institution, office ethic activity;
- Requirements of service ethic management;
- Institution, as an independent social derivative subculture peculiarities, and others.
The problem of trust in government and its institutions is everlasting. It is said, that humans are protected from evil, committed by others, only as much as they can protect themselves. Therefore the question appears: if a popular „social contact“ theory is intended only to announce high ideals, or has a practical meaning. Practice shows that developed modern ethics infrastructure is able to do so, that seemed only distant dreams – range realizing fixed obligations with the powers of the same institution. Human inter trust and reliability, creating rather reliable system of assurance, starts to operate, make an influence to a public life. Therefore we can claim that this phenomenon, based on instrumental ethics, least partially can be controlled purposefully. Therefore, ethics codes together can be taken as offices’ and institutions’ reputation building means. A citizen constantly receives enough information about the work of statutory services (police, customs, etc). Made up the opinion that they, fulfilling their functions, keeps an order, decency, justice, are impartial, do not try to avoid responsibility – in reality protect democratic values, begins to trust in them, grows public striving to contribute keeping public order, secure human rights and main freedoms.
To sum up, we can claim that ethics institutionalization processes helps to solve successful activity a „good life“ issues. Implementing of professional moral values regulates service nexuses, avoiding improper activity for not knowing, eliminates possibilities of misuse of power, at last, it makes the premise to implement the Law of the Republic of Lithuania, on the State Service, 1999, article 3, which declares main service of the state and state officers activity ethics principles: as human and state respect, justice, self-neglect, decency, impartiality, responsibility, publicity, exemplification and etc.
The Law of the Republic of Lithuania regulates the implementation of officers of the state activity ethics principles and responsibility of their infraction among ethics legislation that directly supports the ethics code. An implementation of this requirement estimates State service law article 4 „Legislation practice“. As we know, this legislation without reserve is applied upon officers, except statutory officers of the state. This law provision is applied to statutory officers of the state as much, as the statute does not regulate their status. Consequently, statutes (of customs, of police) to a certain extent can be considered as ethics legislation, legal implements regulates concrete services socials role, its implementation in the frames of given competition.
It can be maintained that new ethics is under creation. The ethic allows, taking into consideration life reality, to newly estimate rules that have been fixed earlier. Quickly changing reality re-forms person’s attitude towards welfare, interpretation of his rights and fundamental freedoms, and this claims substantially rearrange offices of the state activity, conception of their mission. Conception of good and evil, justice and injustice in dynamic surrounding where police, customs or other statutory service officers has to work, mostly depends on situation, therefore often when it is impossible to invoke to ethics legislation, ethical process should be developed. Thereto to solve ethical questions, conceptual schemes and algorithms emerging from practical experience are necessary. Ethics institutionalization processes serve to developing of human rights, public order, positive globalization–to a rational developing of socium.