Tarptautinis policijos bendradarbiavimas nacionalinio saugumo kontekste

Abstract

A short analysis of development of the police cooperation across the World and at the EU level is presented in this article with reference to the scientific surveys of certain authors. In order to determine the further development of the police cooperation at the EU level, the author analyses worldwide police cooperation establishing the reasons, which motivate such an cooperation, and giving reasons for the need of such a cooperation. Accordingly, in comparison with the trends of the police cooperation across the World, the development of the police cooperation at the EU level is presented. The article deals with the problems that the legal institutions encounter and according to it the models of possible police cooperation are determined here too. The need for police cooperation appears when transnational crimes are committed, that is when a crime is connected with two or more countries. In order to solve these emerging problems the cooperation of legal institutions has to overcome certain levels or limits moving from nonofficial cooperation to institutional one or distinguishing the cooperation between the old and new systems. Three types of international police cooperation levels are distinguished: macro, meso– micro–. The cooperation of legal institutions can also be separated into three steps: the adjustment of intercourse among the countries; adaptation of systems of different countries to one another; coordination towards general standard. In global context, the police cooperation can remain only at one level where the main goal is considered to be only exchange of the information and the key problem for the cooperation is believed to be the global scale of activity. The police cooperation in the EU has reached a nonprecedent level. In evaluation of the present forms and methods of the EU police cooperation one cannot state that one particular model of cooperation has been chosen. The cooperation is in progress at all levels and in all directions not only in harmonization of the legal regulations but also in exercise of training, in cooperation in small groups and forces. A clear vision of Europol development (FBI v. Strong cooperation of small groups of separate countries) has to be determined because with the development of the police cooperation more problems arise not only in the field of data protection, dispensation of justice but also in the share of human rights. Similarly, we have to discuss properly whether Europol could also assume the executive function and competence, or whether it would constitute an international police subdivision.