Gravel Mine Detection Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Method
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Abstract
The article describes the results of the original investigations of the gravel mine detection using the modern analysis method – electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). In the investigation of the criminal offences the problem of the detection of the substances source of different objects is faced. Very often such substances could be an intermediate link between the crime scene investigated and a suspect or some kind of tools, transport means or other objects. The investigations executed broaden the investigation possibilities of gravel (sand) and the similar objects. This could be the basis for a new expertise investigation method and to serve for the forensic geology.
The gravel EPR spectrum is modeled using the limestone and dolomite parts mixture. The lines of this spectrum are given by manganese, which got in to the limestone and dolomite grating as a natural impurity in the process of their formation. EPR spectrum depends not only on manganese (as impurity) but also how manganese ions interact with magnesium and calcium. Having admixed gravel with manganese salt a new EPR line is made (wide and in other magnetic field sphere) and former lines, which are given by magnesium being in the gravel do not change. To remove magnesium from the grating is possible only during the chemical reactions.
The mathematic methodology is prepared which is suitable to determine from which mine (quarry) the unknown gravel was taken. The methodology is based on the countering of euclid distance between the appropriate EPR spectrum components. For the investigation is enough to have 50–100 mg of the substance (eliminating bigger than 2 mm of diameter parts).
We have investigated about several hundred stones– tiff (limestone and dolomite) from different fields in the North East Lithuania. Manganese ions inserted into crystal gratings during the formation process of these minerals (where there were high pressure and temperature) is comfortable and stabile marker in describing peculiarity of the mineral. This is reflected in their EPR spectrum. Whereas, EPR spectrum of the severe parts of limestone and dolomite stones, taken from different mines, differ very much in form and intensity (even several times). EPR spectrum of the stones (dolomite or limestone) taken from one mine in fact are coincident. Thus, there is a great probability that the identification from which mine the stone spall is taken will be proper. For this investigation it is enough to have 5–20 mg of the substance.
The gravel EPR spectrum is modeled using the limestone and dolomite parts mixture. The lines of this spectrum are given by manganese, which got in to the limestone and dolomite grating as a natural impurity in the process of their formation. EPR spectrum depends not only on manganese (as impurity) but also how manganese ions interact with magnesium and calcium. Having admixed gravel with manganese salt a new EPR line is made (wide and in other magnetic field sphere) and former lines, which are given by magnesium being in the gravel do not change. To remove magnesium from the grating is possible only during the chemical reactions.
The mathematic methodology is prepared which is suitable to determine from which mine (quarry) the unknown gravel was taken. The methodology is based on the countering of euclid distance between the appropriate EPR spectrum components. For the investigation is enough to have 50–100 mg of the substance (eliminating bigger than 2 mm of diameter parts).
We have investigated about several hundred stones– tiff (limestone and dolomite) from different fields in the North East Lithuania. Manganese ions inserted into crystal gratings during the formation process of these minerals (where there were high pressure and temperature) is comfortable and stabile marker in describing peculiarity of the mineral. This is reflected in their EPR spectrum. Whereas, EPR spectrum of the severe parts of limestone and dolomite stones, taken from different mines, differ very much in form and intensity (even several times). EPR spectrum of the stones (dolomite or limestone) taken from one mine in fact are coincident. Thus, there is a great probability that the identification from which mine the stone spall is taken will be proper. For this investigation it is enough to have 5–20 mg of the substance.
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Authors retain copyright of their work, with first publication rights granted to the Association for Learning Technology.
Please see Copyright and Licence Agreement for further details.
