Functions and Powers of Person Equated to Public Servant
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
The notion of “the person equated to the public servant” entered the Lithuanian criminal law together with the new Criminal Code of 2000. The article deals with functions and powers of such persons as obligatory alternative elements under Article 230, section 3, of the Criminal Code of Lithuania.
Interpretation and application of all those elements is inconsistent up to now. Amendments in this field, made by the law adopted on 5 July 2004, render this topic even more relevant.
Therefore, the article is aimed at revealing contents of each of the said elements; formulating rules of their interpretation and providing recommendations on the improvement of the abovementioned provision.
The notion of “administrative powers” must be understood much broader then administrative powers in respect of subordinates. It also means administrative powers in respect of persons who are not subordinate to the empowered person; and other administrative powers related to activities of public administration.
The notion of “the power to act in the name of establishment, enterprise or organisation” has its own meaning, which is not dependant on the boundaries of the institute of agency in the civil law. This notion means a person’s right under the law or separate empowerment to make a deal(s) in the name of some legal person, or to perform other acts of legal importance when representing interests of that legal person in its relations with third parties.
Provision of a public service may be ascertained only after detail analysis of applicable legal acts and subject to the following conditions: 1) only a service regulated by the law could be deemed a public service; 2) a service must be provided by legal persons controlled by the state or the municipality; any other persons may be providers only in the cases provided by the laws; 3) direct or at least indirect clients (i.e. recipients of that service) should be dwellers; and in some cases the society as such is the client, taking into account the character and significance of that service; 4) a service must be supervised, controlled and otherwise administrated by entities of public administration who inter alia issue permits for the provision of public services to private persons. Any fees or other charges for the administration of public services provision may be established only by the laws. And finally, public services may be provided with the aim of receiving profit.
Interpretation and application of all those elements is inconsistent up to now. Amendments in this field, made by the law adopted on 5 July 2004, render this topic even more relevant.
Therefore, the article is aimed at revealing contents of each of the said elements; formulating rules of their interpretation and providing recommendations on the improvement of the abovementioned provision.
The notion of “administrative powers” must be understood much broader then administrative powers in respect of subordinates. It also means administrative powers in respect of persons who are not subordinate to the empowered person; and other administrative powers related to activities of public administration.
The notion of “the power to act in the name of establishment, enterprise or organisation” has its own meaning, which is not dependant on the boundaries of the institute of agency in the civil law. This notion means a person’s right under the law or separate empowerment to make a deal(s) in the name of some legal person, or to perform other acts of legal importance when representing interests of that legal person in its relations with third parties.
Provision of a public service may be ascertained only after detail analysis of applicable legal acts and subject to the following conditions: 1) only a service regulated by the law could be deemed a public service; 2) a service must be provided by legal persons controlled by the state or the municipality; any other persons may be providers only in the cases provided by the laws; 3) direct or at least indirect clients (i.e. recipients of that service) should be dwellers; and in some cases the society as such is the client, taking into account the character and significance of that service; 4) a service must be supervised, controlled and otherwise administrated by entities of public administration who inter alia issue permits for the provision of public services to private persons. Any fees or other charges for the administration of public services provision may be established only by the laws. And finally, public services may be provided with the aim of receiving profit.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Section
Articles
Authors contributing to Jurisprudence agree to publish their articles under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public (CC BY-NC-ND) License, allowing third parties to share their work (copy, distribute, transmit) and to adapt it, under the condition that the authors are given credit, and that in the event of reuse or distribution, the terms of this licence are made clear.
Authors retain copyright of their work, with first publication rights granted to the Association for Learning Technology.
Please see Copyright and Licence Agreement for further details.
Authors retain copyright of their work, with first publication rights granted to the Association for Learning Technology.
Please see Copyright and Licence Agreement for further details.
