Sovietinės milicijos kadrai Lietuvoje 1944-1990 metais

Abstract

For the first time in Lithuanian historical literature this article provides the analysis of Soviet militia staff changes in Lithuania during 1944-1990. After Soviet army had occupied the territory of Lithuania in summer in 1944, there was no hurry to organize the local bodies of militia, but first of all the Soviet armed forces were exterminating so called “the enemies of people” and by thus paved the way for creation of the Soviet law and order bodies in Lithuania. In October 1944 Moscow sent in the first numerous group of Soviet militia executives which started to organize the local bodies of militia. Until April 1945, 6116 executives have been sent from the East to Lithuania and 2783 of them were sent to The People's Commisariat of Internal Affaires. So called “Moscow aid in staff” was being given until 1947, so the body of Internal Affaires and militia were between the most russianized Lithuanian institutions during the entire Soviet period. There were about 59% of Russians among the Internal Affaires staff in July 1, 1947, and about 56% in January 1, 1949. Almost only Russians (together with other Soviet nationalities) worked in the authorities, so there were only 9% of Lithuanians among the executives of the Republican managing department and only 3,6% among the heads of the authorities. The number of the militia office workers was not very numerous (came to 5500 person because local inhabitants went with reluctance to work in militia, so they were recruited at the time of special campaigns carried by the leading agencies of the Communist Party.
Early in 1950, the militia of Lithuania was passed from the competence of the Ministry of Internal Affaires to the subordination of the Ministry of State Security and more than for ten years all statistical data on personnel has dissapeared from Lithuanian archives. After that the number increased from 4,7 thousand persons to 7,1 thousand during 1961-1990 but there were plenty of vacant working places, formally up to 10%, and really up to 30%. The militia personnel's inteligence level has considerably increased during the last decade of the Soviet period and if it were 51,2% of persons without secondary school education in 1970, then it were 16,4% in 1980, and 4,8% in 1985. During 1961-1985, the number of persons with higher education increased from 86 to 1488 persons (from 1,8% up to 21,4% of all number of the workers, e.g. 11,9 times). During 1961-1990, the number of militia workers with higher juridical education increased from 65 up to 1026 persons (e.g. from 1,2% up to 15,03% of all workers). The changes of militia personnel were great at any time and especcially plenty of the officials discontinued their work in militia after graduation from special professional schools or higher schools.