THE POWER TO REMOVE: A COMPARATIVE INQUIRY INTO RECALL MECHANISMS IN INDONESIA AND THE PHILIPPINES

Abstract

This study investigates the implementation of recall mechanisms in Indonesia and the Philippines, highlighting their roles in fostering political accountability and public participation. Recall, as a democratic tool, allows citizens to remove elected officials before the end of their term, ensuring responsiveness and integrity in governance. Utilizing a comparative legal approach, this research examines the distinct frameworks and political contexts of recall in the two countries. In Indonesia, recall is centralized and primarily applied at the national legislative level, reflecting efforts to maintain institutional stability amidst complex political dynamics. Conversely, the Philippines adopts a decentralized approach, with recall mechanisms empowering local communities to hold their leaders accountable. While both systems aim to enhance accountability, significant differences exist in their processes, actors, and outcomes. Indonesia’s model emphasizes party control and institutional safeguards, often limiting public participation, whereas the Philippines prioritizes citizen involvement, albeit at the risk of politicization and instability. This comparative analysis underscores the interplay between political systems, cultural dynamics, and democratic values, offering critical insights for policymakers and scholars seeking to refine accountability frameworks.