CRITICAL ISSUES IN THE USE OF DIRECT COERCION BY LAW ENFORCEMENT: RESULTS FROM AN EXPERT FOCUS GROUP INTERVIEW
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https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1244-3890
Santrauka
The article is based on a focus group interview with experts and serves as a continuation of the author’s previously compiled article entitled: “The Law Enforcement Officer’s Toolkit: Optimal Measures of Direct Coercion and the Competencies to Be Developed Through Training“.
This article investigates critical issues in the regulation and application of direct coercion by non-police law enforcement authorities in Estonia. Building upon previous research, the study employs a focus group methodology involving eight experts from four key sectors: rescue services, environmental protection, municipal law enforcement, and police. The findings highlight significant inconsistencies and ambiguities in the current legal framework, particularly regarding the scope and proportionality of permissible coercive measures and the fragmented regulation across various legal acts. Experts identified that the existing framework sometimes leaves public order insufficiently protected due to limited legal authority and access to modern, less-lethal means. The study provides evidence-based recommendations, including consolidating and clarifying legal provisions, expanding the list of permissible equipment, and enhancing training and standardization across agencies. These results underscore the necessity for a more coherent, flexible, and proportionate regulatory approach to direct coercion in Estonian law enforcement.
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