SMART CITY CONCEPTS, GOVERNANCE, AND SUSTAINABILITY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA

Abstract

Smart city development has become increasingly crucial as technology continues to shape urban governance and daily life, particularly in Southeast Asia. This study examines the development of smart cities in Malaysia and Indonesia, with a focus on governance, policy frameworks, technological implementation, and stakeholder engagement. Through a comparative analysis of Kuala Lumpur and Jakarta, the research explores how contextual factors influence strategies and collaborations in each city. Methodologically, the study draws on secondary data such as official reports, policy documents, and academic literature, as well as primary data collected through interviews with local authorities, policymakers, stakeholders, and residents. The findings indicate that while both countries pursue smart city initiatives to enhance sustainability and urban quality of life, Malaysia adopts a centralized governance approach through the Malaysia Smart City Framework (MSCF), whereas Indonesia’s 100 Smart Cities program is more decentralized. Kuala Lumpur emphasizes smart infrastructure and integrated data systems, while Jakarta focuses on improving public service delivery via digital platforms such as JAKI. Despite shared objectives, differences in governance models and socioeconomic conditions shape each city’s approach. The study concludes with key insights and recommendations for enhancing smart city frameworks and promoting sustainable urban development in Southeast Asia.
Keywords: smart cities, urban governance, sustainability, Malaysia, Indonesia