Factors Affecting the Successful Implementation of Health in All Policies (HiAP): The Case of Tobacco Control Policy in Lithuania
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Abstract
This article aims to identify the main factors affecting the successful implementation of Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach, which focuses on the contribution of public policies to the maintenance and improvement of public health. In this article, tobacco control policy, characterized by various stakeholders, multi-sectorial approach, cooperation techniques and mechanisms, is a test-case for HiAP. This article had four objectives to achieve:
1. To examine links between tobacco control policy and HiAP;
2. To describe the best practices of tobacco control policy in Lithuania;
3. To analyze tobacco control policy instruments;
4. To identify the main factors affecting the successful implementation of HiAP based on the analysis of the tobacco control policy instruments.
Methods of literature analyses as well as review of tobacco control best practices are applied in this paper. Analyses of the Lithuanian legislation and EU legislation are also made. Moreover, to collect empirical data, primary and secondary sources of information are used (qualitative research information is analyzed applying content analysis method and case study analysis is based on the empirical results).
The examination of links between tobacco control policy and HiAP showed that tobacco control policy is one of the typical policies, which have an impact for health. Therefore, the analysis of tobacco control policy could provide instruments and implementation practices that can serve as an example for the wider health sector. The case study of Lithuanian tobacco control policy indicated that Lithuania turned over more stringent regulations and restrictions. This can be estimated as the best practices by prioritizing health. The empirical research of Lithuanian tobacco control policy instruments helped to identify the main factors that could lead the successful implementation of HiAP. It was found that the main factors affecting the successful implementation of HiAP are the following: each country’s capacity, political, economic, geographical contexts and main institutions; effective multisectorality, cooperation and the inclusion of the business sector in the overall level of activity; political leaders’ will to promote health; consolidated actions against health opposition using a variety of strategies and resources; the ability to dispose windows of opportunities and external perturbations for health.
1. To examine links between tobacco control policy and HiAP;
2. To describe the best practices of tobacco control policy in Lithuania;
3. To analyze tobacco control policy instruments;
4. To identify the main factors affecting the successful implementation of HiAP based on the analysis of the tobacco control policy instruments.
Methods of literature analyses as well as review of tobacco control best practices are applied in this paper. Analyses of the Lithuanian legislation and EU legislation are also made. Moreover, to collect empirical data, primary and secondary sources of information are used (qualitative research information is analyzed applying content analysis method and case study analysis is based on the empirical results).
The examination of links between tobacco control policy and HiAP showed that tobacco control policy is one of the typical policies, which have an impact for health. Therefore, the analysis of tobacco control policy could provide instruments and implementation practices that can serve as an example for the wider health sector. The case study of Lithuanian tobacco control policy indicated that Lithuania turned over more stringent regulations and restrictions. This can be estimated as the best practices by prioritizing health. The empirical research of Lithuanian tobacco control policy instruments helped to identify the main factors that could lead the successful implementation of HiAP. It was found that the main factors affecting the successful implementation of HiAP are the following: each country’s capacity, political, economic, geographical contexts and main institutions; effective multisectorality, cooperation and the inclusion of the business sector in the overall level of activity; political leaders’ will to promote health; consolidated actions against health opposition using a variety of strategies and resources; the ability to dispose windows of opportunities and external perturbations for health.
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